The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex cell-signaling network that plays a pivotal role in regulating diverse physiological processes within the bodies of mammals, including humans. Comprising three main components—endocannabinoids, receptors, and enzymes—the ECS serves as a modulator of crucial functions like mood, appetite, sleep, and immune response. Endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, act as signaling molecules that bind to cannabinoid receptors, specifically CB1 receptors found predominantly in the brain and central nervous system, and CB2 receptors present in the immune system and peripheral tissues.

This intricate interplay between endocannabinoids and receptors triggers a cascade of responses aimed at maintaining homeostasis, or internal balance, within the body. Enzymes within the ECS are responsible for the timely breakdown of endocannabinoids once their role is fulfilled, ensuring that their effects are temporary. This regulatory mechanism highlights the dynamic nature of the ECS, emphasizing its significance in orchestrating various physiological functions.